1. Distribution functional elements

(1) Stocking. It is the preparatory work or basic work for distribution. Stocking includes raising sources of goods, ordering or purchasing goods, collecting goods, purchasing goods, and related quality inspections, settlements, and handovers. One of the advantages of distribution is that it can concentrate on user needs to prepare a certain scale of goods. Stocking is the initial work that determines the success or failure of distribution. If the stocking cost is too high, it will greatly reduce the efficiency of distribution.

(2) Storage. There are two forms of storage in distribution: reserve and temporary storage. Distribution reserve is a resource guarantee for distribution formed according to the distribution operation requirements of a certain period. This type of reserve is large in quantity and has a more complete reserve structure. Depending on the source of goods and the arrival of goods, the structure and quantity of turnover reserves and insurance reserves can be determined in a planned manner. The reserve guarantee for distribution is sometimes solved by setting up a separate warehouse near the distribution center. Another form of storage is temporary storage, which is a small amount of storage preparation made at the sorting site according to the sorting and distribution requirements when executing daily distribution. Since the overall storage efficiency depends on the total storage volume, the temporary storage quantity will only affect the convenience of work, but will not affect the overall storage efficiency. Therefore, the quantity control is not strict. There is another form of temporary storage, which is the temporary storage of the dispatched cargo after sorting and distribution. This temporary storage is mainly to adjust the rhythm of distribution and delivery, and the temporary storage time is not long.

(3) Sorting and distribution. It is a functional element that is different from other forms of logistics, and it is also an important supporting work for the success or failure of distribution. Sorting and distribution is to improve delivery and support delivery preparation work. It is an inevitable extension of different distribution companies to compete and improve their own economic benefits during delivery. Therefore, it can also be said that it is an inevitable requirement for delivery to develop into a higher form. With sorting and distribution, the delivery service level will be greatly improved. Therefore, sorting and distribution are the key factors that determine the level of the entire distribution system. Packing. When the number of deliveries to a single user cannot reach the effective carrying capacity of the vehicle, there is a problem of how to concentrate the deliveries of different users and load them together to make full use of the transport capacity. This requires loading and unloading. The difference from general delivery is that loading and unloading can greatly improve the delivery level and reduce the delivery cost. Therefore, loading and unloading is also a functional element with modern characteristics in the distribution system, and it is also an important difference between modern distribution and previous delivery.

(4) Distribution transportation. Distribution transportation belongs to the terminal transportation and branch transportation in transportation. The main difference from general transportation is that distribution transportation is a transportation form with shorter distance, smaller scale and higher amount, and generally uses cars as transportation tools.

Another difference from trunk transportation is that the route selection problem of distribution transportation is not available in general trunk transportation. The trunk line of trunk transportation is the only transportation line. However, due to the large number of distribution users and the complex urban traffic routes, how to combine them into the best route and how to effectively match loading and routes are the characteristics of distribution transportation and are also difficult tasks.

(5) Delivery service. The delivery work is not completed until the goods are delivered to the user, because there is often a lack of coordination between the delivery of goods and the user's receipt of goods, which makes the delivery work go to waste. Therefore, in order to successfully realize the transfer of the delivered goods, effectively and conveniently handle the relevant procedures and complete the settlement, the unloading location and method should also be paid attention to. Delivery service is also a unique feature of distribution. Distribution processing, in distribution, the functional element of distribution processing is not universal, but it is often an important functional element. The main reason is that through distribution processing, the user's satisfaction can be greatly improved. Distribution processing is a kind of circulation processing, but distribution processing has its own characteristics that are different from general circulation processing, that is, distribution processing generally only depends on user requirements, and its processing purpose is relatively single.

2. The general process of goods distribution by logistics companies The general process of distribution is relatively standardized, but not all distributors follow the following process. The distribution of different products may have unique features. For example, there is no distribution, distribution, and assembly process in fuel oil distribution, and there are some circulation processing processes in cement and wood distribution, and circulation processing may appear in different links.